a common process
to
identify ownership
the first step
is
always
to
separate calves
from
the herd
to
neutralize herd influence
this can be
accomplished
by
placing calves
in
separate locations
or
on
calf tables
or
similar devices
think of it
as
sending the calves
off to school
next
apply the hot iron to skins
burning
into their minds
a deep sense of being owned
as for pain
the
duration
of
pain
for any given calf
is
unknown
but
there may be
lifelong effects
as for
mortality rates
due
to trauma
that is
unknown
examination of one site
unearthed
215 bodies
extrapolation
to
other sites
may be
comparable
but
that’s the price
of
social uniformity
as
supported
by
the adoption
of
these procedures
worldwide